And then I became Orthodox. It's funny how different things appear when looked upon from a different angle. Stranger still, in becoming Orthodox, I became much more covenantal in my thinking, moreso than I ever was as a Calvinist.
We see it like this. Jesus died for the world. This means that Jesus' death was exhaustive and complete. His blood was shed for all mankind, for every single human that ever lived or ever will live. Does this then mean that all men will go to heaven? Am I arguing for universalism?
No.
We can look back through the Old Testament and observe how God had always dealt with his people. When we look at the Jews, coming out of slavery in Egypt, they were, all of them, the people of God. They were in covenant with him. But in Old Covenant typological fashion, those who were unfaithful to their covenantal responsibilities did not enter the Promised Land.
Another example is seen in the "once a year Levitical sacrifice. Once a year, the high priest would enter the holy of holies and offer up a bloody sacrifice for every single Jew. Every single one of them had his sins covered. Does this mean that every single Jew enjoyed the covenantal blessings? No, but only those who were faithful to their covenantal responsibilities.
I hope by this point you see where this is going. Even though Jesus died for every single human being, we still have responsibilities. We are called to purify ourselves, to love God and to love neighbor. If we spend all our time building our portfolio to ensure a comfortable retirement, we have our priorities wrong.
Jesus died and rose again, not so we could be comfortably well off, but so that we could pursue holiness and love.